July 16

July 16 is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 168 days remain until the end of the year. Events Pre-1600 622 ??? The Hijrah of Muhammad begins, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar. 997 ??? Battle of Spercheios: Bulgarian forces of Tsar Samuel are defeated by a Byzantine army under general Nikephoros Ouranos at the Spercheios River in Greece. 1054 ??? Three Roman legates break relations between Western and Eastern Christian churches through the act of placing a papal bull (of doubtful validity) of excommunication on the altar of Hagia Sophia during Saturday afternoon divine liturgy. Historians frequently describe the event as the formal start of the East???West Schism. 1212 ??? Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: After Pope Innocent III calls European knights to a crusade, the forces of kings Alfonso VIII of Castile, Sancho...

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