Italy
Occitan. Occitan, also known by its native speakers as lenga d'??c, sometimes also referred to as Proven??al, is a Romance language spoken in southern France, Monaco, Italy's Occitan Valleys, as well as in the Catalonian Val d'Aran; collectively, these regions are sometimes referred to as Occitania. It is also spoken in the southern Italian province of Cosenza. There it is referred to as Gardiol, which is considered a separate Occitanic language. The linguistic distance between Catalan and some Occitan dialects is similar to the distance between different Occitan dialects, and Catalan was considered a dialect of Occitan until the end of the 19th century and still today remains its closest relative. Occitan has a particularly rich lexicon. Lo Panoccinari, considered the most comprehensive dictionary ever published in this language, records over 250,000 unique words.
modern_languagenatural_languageFranceItalyMonacoSpain
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Italian. Italian is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family. It is a standardised form of literary Florentine Tuscan and, together with Sardinian, is the least differentiated language from Latin. Current estimates indicate that between 68 and 85 million people speak Italian, including approximately 64 million native speakers as of 2024.
modern_languagenatural_languageAlbaniaCroatiaEritreaEthiopiaGreeceItalyLibyaSan MarinoSloveniaSomaliaSwitzerlandVatican City
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Greek. Greek is an Indo-European language, constituting an independent Hellenic branch within the Indo-European language family. It is native to the territories that have had populations of Greeks since antiquity: Greece, Cyprus, Egypt, Turkey, Italy, southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, Caucasus, the Black Sea coast, and the Eastern Mediterranean. It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,400 years of written records. Its writing system is the Greek alphabet, which has been used for approximately 2,800 years; previously, Greek was recorded in writing systems such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary.
modern_languagenatural_languageAlbaniaArmeniaAustraliaAzerbaijanCanadaCyprusEgyptGeorgiaGermanyGreeceIsraelItalyKazakhstanRomaniaRussiaSwedenTurkeyUkraineUnited KingdomUnited States
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Croatian. Croatian is the standard variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Croats. It is the national official language and literary standard of Croatia, one of the official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, the Serbian province of Vojvodina, the European Union and a recognized minority language elsewhere in Serbia and other neighbouring countries.
modern_languageAustriaBosnia & HerzegovinaCroatiaCzech Rep.HungaryItalyMontenegroRomaniaSerbiaSlovakiaSlovenia
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German. German is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the majority and official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. It is also an official language of Luxembourg, Belgium and the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol, as well as a recognised national language in Namibia. There are also notable German-speaking communities in other parts of Europe, including: Poland, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Slovakia (Krahule), Romania, Hungary (Sopron), and France (Alsace). Overseas, sizeable communities of German-speakers are found in the Americas.
modern_languageAustriaBelgiumCzech Rep.DenmarkFranceGermanyItalyLiechtensteinLuxembourgPolandRussiaSwitzerland
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Slovene. Slovene or Slovenian is a South Slavic language of the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family. Most of its 2.5 million speakers are the inhabitants of Slovenia, the majority of them ethnic Slovenes. As Slovenia is part of the European Union, Slovene is also one of its 24 official and working languages. Its grammar is highly fusional, and it has a dual grammatical number, an archaic feature shared with some other Indo-European languages. Two accentual norms are used. Its flexible word order is often adjusted for emphasis or stylistic reasons, although basically it is an SVO language. It has a T???V distinction: the use of the V-form demonstrates a respectful attitude towards superiors and the elderly, while it can be sidestepped through the passive form.
ArgentinaAustriaCanadaCroatiaGermanyHungaryItalySloveniaSouth AfricaUnited States
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Catalan. Catalan is a Western Romance language and is the indigenous and official language of three autonomous communities in eastern Spain: Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community, where it is called Valencian. Catalan is also the sole official language of Andorra, has semi-official status in the Italian municipality of Alghero, and is spoken in the Pyr??n??es-Orientales department of France and in two further areas in eastern Spain: the eastern strip of Aragon and the Carche area in the Region of Murcia. The Catalan-speaking regions are often called the Catalan Countries.
AndorraFranceItalySpain
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French. French is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. Like all other Romance languages, French and its closest relatives???the langues d'o??l, historically spoken in northern France and southern Belgium???descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire. Over time, French largely supplanted these regional relatives.
AlgeriaAndorraBelgiumBeninBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaCentral African Rep.ChadComorosDem. Rep. of CongoDjiboutiEquatorial GuineaFranceGabonGuineaHaitiIndiaItalyIvory CoastLaosLebanonLuxembourgMadagascarMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMonacoMoroccoNigerRep. of CongoRwandaSenegalSeychellesSwitzerlandTogoTunisiaUnited StatesVanuatuVietnam
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