Nynorsk. Nynorsk is one of the two official written standards of the Norwegian language, the other being Bokm??l. From 12 May 1885, it became the state-sanctioned version of Ivar Aasen's standard Norwegian language (Landsm??l), parallel to the Dano-Norwegian written standard known as Riksm??l. The name Nynorsk was introduced in 1929. After a series of reforms, it is still the written standard closer to Landsm??l, whereas Bokm??l is closer to Riksm??l and Danish.
language2modern_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageNorway
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Language
Bokm??l. Bokm??l is one of the official written standards for the Norwegian language, alongside Nynorsk. Bokm??l is by far the most used written form of Norwegian today, as it is adopted by around 90% of the population in Norway. There is no countrywide standard or agreement on the pronunciation of Bokm??l and the spoken dialects vary greatly.
language2modern_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageNorway
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Norwegian. Norwegian is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken mainly in Norway, where it is an official language. Along with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a dialect continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional varieties; some Norwegian and Swedish dialects, in particular, are very close. These Scandinavian languages, together with Faroese and Icelandic as well as some extinct languages, constitute the North Germanic languages. Faroese and Icelandic are not mutually intelligible with Norwegian in their spoken form because continental Scandinavian has diverged from them. While the two Germanic languages with the greatest numbers of speakers, English and German, have close similarities with Norwegian, neither is mutually intelligible with it. Norwegian is a descendant of Old Norse, the common language of the Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during the Viking Age.
language2modern_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageNorway
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Ingush. Ingush is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by about 350,000 people, known as the Ingush, across a region covering the Russian republics of Ingushetia, Chechnya, North Ossetia, as well as the countries of Turkey, Kazakhstan, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and others.
modern_languagenatural_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageRussia
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Silesian. Silesian, occasionally called Upper Silesian, is an ethnolect of the Lechitic group spoken in Upper Silesia. While having secured some international recognition as a language, there is a debate on whether Silesian is either a dialect of Polish or a distinct language, and if Silesians are either a regional ethnic group within the Polish nation or a distinct ethnic minority that historically emerged, but later diverged from, the Polish people. Some Silesians identify as a regional ethnic group within the Polish nation, while others view themselves as a distinct ethnic minority. Its vocabulary was significantly influenced by Central German due to the existence of numerous Silesian German speakers in the area prior to World War II and after. The first mentions of Silesian as a distinct lect date back to the 16th century, and the first literature with Silesian characteristics to the 17th century.
language2modern_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageCzech RepublicPoland
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Chuvash. Chuvash is a Turkic language spoken in Volga-Ural region of Russia, primarily in the Chuvash Republic and adjacent areas. It is the only surviving member of the Oghur branch of Turkic languages, one of the two principal branches of the Turkic family.
modern_languagenatural_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageKazakhstanRussiaUkraineUzbekistan
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Romanian. Romanian is the official and main language of Romania and Moldova. Romanian is part of the Eastern Romance sub-branch of Romance languages, a linguistic group that evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin which separated from the Western Romance languages in the course of the period from the 5th to the 8th centuries. To distinguish it within the Eastern Romance languages, in comparative linguistics it is called Daco-Romanian as opposed to its closest relatives, Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, and Istro-Romanian. It is also spoken as a minority language by stable communities in the countries surrounding Romania, and by the large Romanian diaspora. In total, it is spoken by 22 million people as a first language.
modern_languagenatural_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageMoldovaRomaniaSerbiaUkraine
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Papiamento. Papiamento, or Papiamentu, is a Portuguese-based creole language spoken in the Dutch Caribbean. It is the most widely spoken language on Aruba, Bonaire, and Cura??ao.
language2modern_languagenatural_languagexxx_gdb_Language
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Lithuanian. Lithuanian is an East Baltic language belonging to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family. It is the language of Lithuanians and the official language of Lithuania as well as one of the official languages of the European Union. There are approximately 2.8 million native Lithuanian speakers in Lithuania and about 1.5 million speakers elsewhere. Around half a million inhabitants of Lithuania of non-Lithuanian background speak Lithuanian daily as a second language.
language2modern_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageBelarusLithuaniaPoland
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Saisiyat. Saisiyat is the language of the Saisiyat, a Taiwanese indigenous people. It is a Formosan language of the Austronesian family. It has approximately 4,750 speakers.
modern_languagenatural_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageTaiwan
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Dutch Sign Language. Dutch Sign Language is the predominant sign language used by deaf people in the Netherlands.
modern_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageKingdom of the NetherlandsNetherlands
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Icelandic. Icelandic or Icelandish is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken by about 390,000 people, the vast majority of whom live in Iceland, where it is the national language. Since it is a West Scandinavian language, it is most closely related to Faroese, western Norwegian dialects, and the extinct language Norn. It is not mutually intelligible with the continental Scandinavian languages and is more distinct from the most widely spoken Germanic languages, English and German. The written forms of Icelandic and Faroese are very similar, but their spoken forms are not mutually intelligible.
modern_languagenatural_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageCanadaDenmarkIcelandUnited States
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Standard Chinese. Standard Chinese, often colloquially called Mandarin Chinese, is the modern standardized form of Mandarin Chinese, largely based on the Beijing dialect. It is the official lingua franca of the People's Republic of China, one of the six official languages of the United Nations and one of the four official languages of Singapore, and one of the national languages of Taiwan. It is a pluricentric language with local variations in Mainland China, Taiwan and Singapore, which mainly differ in accent and lexicon.
modern_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageBruneiIndonesiaMalaysiaPeople's Republic of ChinaPhilippinesSingaporeTaiwan
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Hungarian. Hungarian, or Magyar, is a Ugric language of the Uralic language family spoken in Hungary and parts of several neighboring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary, it is also spoken by Hungarian communities in southern Slovakia, western Ukraine (Transcarpathia), central and western Romania (Transylvania), northern Serbia (Vojvodina), northern Croatia, northeastern Slovenia (Prekmurje), and eastern Austria (Burgenland).
modern_languagenatural_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageAustriaCroatiaHungaryRomaniaSerbiaSlovakiaSloveniaUkraine
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Language
Wuqiu dialect. the local language spoken in Wuchiu Township, Kinmen County, Republic of China
xxx_gdb_Language
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Swedish. Swedish is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family, spoken predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland. It has at least 10 million native speakers, making it the fourth most spoken Germanic language, and the first among its type in the Nordic countries overall.
modern_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageFinlandSweden
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Estonian. Estonian is a Finnic language and the official language of Estonia. It is written in the Latin script and is the first language of the majority of the country's population; it is also an official language of the European Union. Estonian is spoken natively by about 1.1 million people: 922,000 people in Estonia and 160,000 elsewhere.
modern_languagenatural_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageEstonia
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Danish. Danish is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken by about six million people, principally in and around Denmark. Communities of Danish speakers are also found in Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and the northern German region of Southern Schleswig, where it has minority language status. Minor Danish-speaking communities are also found in Norway, Sweden, the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Argentina.
modern_languagenatural_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageDenmarkGermanyGreenlandKingdom of Denmark
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Language
Demotic Greek. Demotic Greek is the standard spoken language of Greece in modern times and, since the resolution of the Greek language question in 1976, the official language of Greece. "Demotic Greek" contrasts with the conservative Katharevousa, which was used in formal settings, during the same period. In that context, Demotic Greek describes the specific non-standardized vernacular forms of Greek used by the vast majority of Greeks during the 19th and 20th centuries.
xxx_gdb_Language
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Czech. Czech, historically known as Bohemian, is a West Slavic language of the Czech???Slovak group, written in Latin script. Spoken by over 12 million people including second-language speakers, it serves as the official language of the Czech Republic. Czech is closely related to Slovak, to the point of high mutual intelligibility, as well as to Polish to a lesser degree. Czech is a fusional language with a rich system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. Its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by Latin and German.
modern_languagenatural_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageCzech Republic
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Maltese. Maltese is a Central Semitic language derived from late medieval Sicilian Arabic with Romance superstrata. It is the only Semitic language officially written in the Latin script. It is spoken by the Maltese people and is a national language of Malta, and is the only official Semitic and Afroasiatic language of the European Union. The pioneering Maltese linguists Canon Giovanni Pietro Francesco Agius de Soldanis and Mikiel Anton Vassalli both mistakenly hypothesised that Maltese originated from the Punic language. Later scholars like John L. Hayes, considered it to be descended from a North African dialect of Colloquial Arabic which was introduced to Malta when the Aghlabids captured it in the 9th century. However, genetic studies and historical evidence have established that Malta was depopulated after that raid, and that the island was subsequently repopulated by settlers from Sicily and Calabria who spoke Siculo-Arabic, which had developed as a Maghrebi Arabic dialect in the Emirate of Sicily between 831 an
modern_languagenatural_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageAustraliaCanadaMaltaUnited KingdomUnited States
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Language
Modern Greek. Modern Greek, generally referred to by speakers simply as Greek, refers collectively to the dialects of the Greek language spoken in the modern era, including the official standardized form of the language sometimes referred to as Standard Modern Greek. The end of the Medieval Greek period and the beginning of Modern Greek is often symbolically assigned to the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, even though that date marks no clear linguistic boundary and many characteristic features of the modern language arose centuries earlier, having begun around the fourth century AD.
modern_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageAlbaniaCyprusGreece
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Turkish. Turkish is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 90 million speakers. It is the national language of Turkey and one of two official languages of Cyprus. Significant smaller groups of Turkish speakers also exist in Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Greece, other parts of Europe, the South Caucasus, and some parts of Central Asia, Iraq, and Syria. Turkish is the 18th-most spoken language in the world.
modern_languagenatural_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageBulgariaCyprusGreeceNorthern CyprusTurkey
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Bulgarian. Bulgarian is an Eastern South Slavic language spoken in Southeast Europe, primarily in Bulgaria. It is the language of the Bulgarians.
modern_languagexxx_gdb_LanguageAlbaniaBulgariaGreeceMoldovaNorth MacedoniaRomaniaRussiaSerbiaTurkeyUkraine
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